Question at position 50 During the lecture Wayne is busy texting on his cell phone, while kind of half paying attention to what the professor is saying. A few minutes after making a point the professor gives an pop quiz on the material. Wayne can’t retrieve the information the prof gave in the lecture and does poorly on the test. A likely factor in Wayne’s not being able to retrieve the information is:During the lecture Wayne is busy texting on his cell phone, while kind of half paying attention to what the professor is saying. A few minutes after making a point the professor gives an pop quiz on the material. Wayne can’t retrieve the information the prof gave in the lecture and does poorly on the test. A likely factor in Wayne’s not being able to retrieve the information is:context dependent memorystate dependent memoryencoding failureencoding elaborationClear my selection

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BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

In this scenario, Wayne is distracted during the lecture by texting and only half listening, which suggests he did not effectively encode the lecture material in the first place. The question asks for a likely factor in his inability to retrieve the information later on the quiz.
Option 1: context dependent memory. This would imply that Wayne would perform better if the retrieval context matched the encoding context (e.g., being back in the lecture hall or in a similar environment). However, the key issue described is that the information was not adequately encoded due to distraction, not a mismatch between contexts. So this is not the best explanation for his retrieval failure here.
Option 2: state dependent memory. This refers to being in a similar internal physiological or mood state during encoding and retrieval. Again, the problem stems from lack of encoding during the lecture, not from a change in internal state between learning and testing, making this option less appropriate as the primary cause.
Option 3: encoding failure. When attention is divided or absent during encoding, information may not be stored effectively in memory to begin with, leading to poor or nonexistent retrieval later. This directly fits the described situation where Wayne cannot retrieve what was taught because it was not properly encoded due to distraction.
Option 4: encoding elaboration. Elaborative encoding involves linking new information to existing knowledge to improve retention. While elaboration can aid memory, the core issue here is that Wayne was not paying attention sufficiently to encode the material in the first place; this option does not capture the primary cause of his retrieval failure in this context.
Overall, the strongest explanation for Wayne’s poor retrieval on the quiz is encoding failure due to divided attention during learning, whereas the other options describe memory effects that depend on context, internal state, or mnemonic strategies that aren’t the central problem in this scenario.

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