Darwin's key observation is that _________________________________.

Question

Darwin's key observation is that  _________________________________.

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We start by restating the question and listing the answer choices to ensure clarity about what is being evaluated.
Question: Darwin's key observation is that __________________________________.
Options:
- emotions are unique to humans.
- emotions are learned from interactions with one's parents.
- humans throughout the world experience six primary emotions.
- emotions help humans avoid dangers and form relationships that ensure the survival of offspring.

Now, evaluate each option one by one, considering Darwinian ideas about emotions and behavior.
Option 1: 'emotions are unique to humans.' This statement is not aligned with Darwin's theory. Darwin argued that emotions are not unique to humans but are shared with many other animals, particularly higher mammals, as part of evolutionary continuity. The claim that emotions are unique to humans ignores comparative findings and evolutionary rationale, making it a misleading and incomplete view.
Option 2: 'emotions are learned from interactions with one's parents.' While social learning shapes emotional expression and regulation, Darwin’s key insight centers on the evolutionary roots and functional aspects of emotions, not solely on learned transmission. Reducing emotions to a parental-learning process overlooks the broader evolutionary purpose and cross-species continuity that Darwin emphasized.
Option 3: 'humans throughout the world experience six primary emotions.' This reflects a specific claim about a fixed, universal set of basic emotions, a hypothesis associated with later theories (e.g., some psychologist frameworks) rather than Darwin's core observation. Darwin did not delineate a universal count of primary emotions; instead, he discussed the universality and adaptive value of emotional expressions across humanity and other species, so this option misstates his emphasis on universality and function rather than a fixed number.
Option 4: 'emotions help humans avoid dangers and form relationships that ensure the survival of offspring.' This aligns with Darwinian thinking about emotions: emotions serve adaptive purposes, guiding individuals to avoid threats and to engage in social bonding that enhances reproductive success and offspring survival. It captures the functional, evolutionary perspective Darwin articulated about why emotions exist and how they operate in behavior.
In summary, the first three options each misrepresent Darwin’s emphasis on the evolutionary and cross-species nature of emotions, their universality, or the role of learning, whereas the fourth option correctly summarizes the adaptive functions of emotions in Darwinian terms. The reasoning here highlights where each claim diverges from the foundational idea that emotions have evolved because they promote survival and reproduction through danger avoidance and social bonding.

PSY 1001 (001) Exam 3

Darwin's key observation is that _________________________________.

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