How many unpaired electrons are in a Pd2+ (Z = 46) ion in its ground state?

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

Question restatement: How many unpaired electrons are in a Pd2+ (Z = 46) ion in its ground state?

Option-by-option analysis:

Option 1: 2
- For Pd2+, the neutral palladium atom has the electron configuration [Kr] 4d10. Removing two electrons to form Pd2+ leaves a 4d8 configuration. In a free ion, a d8 configuration typically yields two unpaired electrons due to the way electrons occupy the five d orbitals (Hund’s rule favors maximum unpaired spins first, but with eight electrons, two orbitals end up with paired electrons and three orbitals carry one electron each; counting unpaired electrons gives 2). Therefore, seeing two unpaired electrons aligns with the common d8, Ni2+-like scenario and is a plausible ground-state outcome for Pd2+. The reasoning hinges on distributing eight electrons among five d orbitals while maximizing spin as allowed by electron repulsion and energy ordering.

Option 2: 1
- Having only a single unpaired electron would require a d8 arrangement where seven electrons are paired with only one unpaired electron, which is inconsistent with Hund’s rule preferences for maximizing unpaired spins in a nearly degenerate set of d orbitals. In the free-ion d8 case, the expected number of unpaired electrons is typically more than one (commonly two), so this option misstates the spin distribution.

Option 3: 3
- Three unpaired electrons would imply a higher spin state than the standard d8 free-ion arrangement typically supports. While specific ligand fields or coupling schemes can alter spin in complexes, the question specifies the ground state of the ion itself (free ion), not a coordination complex. For a d8 configuration in a free ion, three unpaired electrons would contradict the straightforward Hund’s-rule filling pattern for five d orbitals with eight electrons.

Option 4: 0
- Zero unpaired electrons would require a completely filled or paired set of d electrons (e.g., d10 or a strongly paired configuration). Pd2+ has a d8 configuration, not a fully filled d shell. Consequently, having zero unpaired electrons would be incorrect for this ion in its ground state, given the expected distribution across the five d orbitals.

Option 5: 4
- Four unpaired electrons would correspond to an unusually high spin state for d8 in a free ion. With eight electrons in five d orbitals, maximizing unpaired spins up to four is not consistent with the typical electron arrangement under Hund’s rule without invoking an unusual energy ordering or significant external perturbations. This makes it an unlikely count for the ground state.

Summary note: The core idea is that Pd2+ yields a 4d8 configuration. In a free-ion context, the d8 arrangement commonly corresponds to two unpaired electrons, not zero or four or three. Complexes or strong fields can perturb spin, but the question’s framing as the ground state of the Pd2+ ion points toward the two-unpaired-electron scenario as the standard expectation. The other options contradict the standard d8 electron distribution in a free Pd2+ ion.

How many unpaired electrons are in a Pd2+ (Z = 46) ion in its ground state?

查看解析

登录即可查看完整答案

类似问题

A bromine atom has 35 electrons. At its ground state, how many of these electrons are in p orbitals? (Input number only.)

The electron configuration for a ground-state sulfur atom is:

According to the Aufbau principle, which of the following orbitals should be filled first to achieve the lowest energy electronic configuration?

How many electrons are unpaired in a ground-state fluorine (F) atom? (Input number only.)

Answer the following questions regarding the orbital diagram representations below. I. Which of the following represents a violation of the Pauli exclusion principle? [ Select ] III I II IV II. Which of the following represents a violation of Hund's rule? [ Select ] I IV III II 20A

Which one of the following ions has the ground-state electron configuration [Xe]4f145d10?

For the ground-state Ga3+ ion, what type of orbital do the electrons with the highest energy reside?

What is the ground-state electron configuration of the Cr+ ion?

更多留学生实用工具

考试浏览器助手

风格化写作助手

论文查重助手

文献引用助手

课堂转译助手

课堂笔记助手

Quiz搜索助手

学校历年真题

智能刷题助手

智能匹配练习

希望你的学习变得更简单