位置4的问题 Which of the following reforms was widely adopted in the 1980s?Which of the following reforms was widely adopted in the 1980s?Dual-track price systemSOE layoffFiscal centralizationBanking independence

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

题干信息回顾：问题在于80年代广泛采用的改革是哪一个选项。下面逐一分析各选项的正确性与常见误解。
选项1：Dual-track price system（双轨制定价）。这是正确答案。背景是中国改革开放初期，价格体系并非一次性全面市场化，而是在同一时期并存两套价格体系：计划价格与市场价格并行，用以过渡市场化改革，广泛应用于80年代中后期，成为推动资源配置与企业改革的关键机制。
选项2：SOE layoff（国有企业裁员）。尽管在80年代末及90年代初的改革中，国企改革确有裁员与 Downsizing 的趋势，但“广泛采用”作为一个普遍制度性改革的描述略显 overstated。裁员更多是伴随企业改革与劳动关系调整的一个结果，而非一个独立被广泛采用的改革框架。
选项3：Fiscal centralization（财政集权化）。20世纪80年代及其前后期，中国并非以财政集权化为标志性广泛采用的改革内容。相对而言，财政体系在地方财政自主权、预算管理等方面经历了分权与改革的调适，而非简单地向中央集权化扩展，因此把财政集权化作为广泛采用的80年代改革并不准确。
选项4：Banking independence（银行独立性）。银行独立性作为现代金融体制改革的理念在后续阶段有推进，但在80年代中国的银行体系改革中，实际推进更多体现在央行与商业银行的职能调整、利率市场化等逐步改革上，而非广泛确立一个“银行独立性”的制度性改革。因此将其视为80年代广泛采用的改革并不贴切。
综合来看，四个选项中，只有“Dual-track price system”符合80年代广泛采用的改革特征与时间脉络，其它选项要么更多体现后续阶段的改革要素，要么属于局部调整而非广泛推广的制度性改革。

位置4的问题 Which of the following reforms was widely adopted in the 1980s?Which of the following reforms was widely adopted in the 1980s?Dual-track price systemSOE layoffFiscal centralizationBanking independence

View Explanation

Log in for full answers

Similar Questions

Havrylyshyn and van Rooden (2003) conclude that "achieving macro-economic stabilisation and implementing broad-based economic reforms remain the key determinants of growth in transition economies". How do they capture stabilisation and economic reforms in their empirical work?

Which of following is NOT broadly considered as one of the three fundamental processes of Chinese economic reforms since late 1970s?

The mainstream of development economists has collectively summarised three secrets behind tremendous success of China’s economic and opening-up reforms since 1978, including marketisation, de-centralisation and globalisation. Which following specific reform is least related to ‘globalisation’?

Which of the following best characterizes China's approach to economic reforms that began in the late 1970s?

Which factor most significantly accounts for the contrasting outcomes of market liberalization between post-Soviet Russia and post-Mao China?

Which of the following is NOT included in the reform package of the 1990s?

位置8的问题 Which of the following is NOT included in the reform package of the 1990s?Which of the following is NOT included in the reform package of the 1990s?SOE layoffDual-track price systemBanking independenceFiscal centralization

In a consumer society, many adults channel creativity into buying things

More Practical Tools for International Students

Homework AI Solver

Stylized Writing Assistant

Plagiarism Checker Assistant

Citation Assistant

In-Class Translation Assistant

Class Notes Assistant

Quiz Search Assistant

Past Exam Questions by School

Smart Practice Assistant

Adaptive Practice

Making Your Study Simpler