Tolerance:

Question

Tolerance:

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Starting with option-by-option evaluation to understand how each statement fits the concept of tolerance, while keeping in mind that the most precise mechanistic description is the preferred answer here.
Option 1: 'a method by which a chemist can decrease the effect of a strong drug' This phrasing is vague and observationally unrelated to the biological concept of tolerance. It describes an experimental manipulation rather than the physiological process by which the body becomes less responsive. It would not be used to define tolerance in pharmacology.
Option 2: 'shifts the dose response-curve to the right' This statement captures a standard pharmacodynamic description of tolerance. When tolerance develops, higher doses are required to achieve the same effect, which is represented graphically as a rightward shift of the dose–response curve; the EC50 increases while efficacy remains similar. This is a concise, mechanism-oriented way to state tolerance.
Option 3: 'shifts the dose response-curve to the left' A leftward shift would indicate increased sensitivity or supersensitivity, meaning a smaller dose would produce a larger effect. This is the opposite of tolerance and therefore incorrect in describing tolerance.
Option 4: 'a decrease in drug effect with the same drug dose after repeated administration' This describes the phenomenon of tolerance in plain terms, but it is a description of the outcome rather than the underlying mechanistic change. It is true of tolerance, yet it does not specify how the dose–response relationship changes graphically, which is often the teaching emphasis.
Option 5: 'after repeated administration, the need to take more drug and get the same effect' This also describes tolerance in everyday terms, emphasizing the clinical consequence (increased dose to achieve effect). Like option 4, it explains the outcome but not the precise pharmacodynamic shift (the rightward shift) that is typically highlighted in questions about tolerance.
In summary, while options 4 and 5 correctly describe the consequence of tolerance, option 2 uniquely encapsulates the core pharmacodynamic mechanism by stating the dose–response curve shifts to the right, reflecting a higher dose is required for the same effect. The other options either describe an unrelated concept, describe opposite sensitivity (left shift), or mention the outcome without tying it to the specific curve movement.

PSYC181_WI25_A00 FINAL EXAM

Tolerance:

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