Which of the following statements are true?

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

Diving into the statements about doughnut economics, we evaluate each option for its alignment with the concept's core ideas.
Option a: 'The core idea of doughnut economics is that all economic activity should be based on solutions of the circular economy to ensure that planetary boundaries and the carrying capacity of Earth are not transgressed.' While the circular economy can be a component of sustainable systems, doughnut economics goes beyond simply circular economy solutions. Its core framework is a two-tier boundary: an ecological ceiling and a social foundation, and it emphasizes meeting human needs within planetary limits rather than prescribing that every activity must be circular. Thus this option is narrower than the full doughnut concept and not the best characterization.
Option b: 'Doughnut economics is centred on solving the challenges of sustainable development.' This statement is somewhat true in a broad sense, but it lacks precision about what the doughnut adds beyond conventional sustainable development discourse. The doughnut model specifies a unique boundary framework—avoiding ecological overshoot while ensuring social foundations—whereas generic sustainable development is a broader, less prescriptive aim. Therefore, this option is incomplete or imprecise.
Option c: 'According to doughnut economics, the economy and companies should primarily serve the goals of ecological and social sustainability.' This mirrors the central message of the doughnut framework: economic activity should operate within ecological ceilings while meeting social foundations, effectively directing business aims toward ecological prudence and social well-being rather than solely growth metrics. This option captures the essence of the model more directly than the others.
In summary, option a overemphasizes circular economy at the expense of the dual-boundary structure, option b is too broad and vague about the distinctive framework, and option c concisely states the model’s core purpose of aligning economic activity with ecological and social sustainability within safe planetary limits.

Which of the following statements are true?

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