Which of the following statements are true?

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BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

Exploring the statements about doughnut economics, we need to assess each option on its alignment with the core ideas of the model.
Option a: 'According to doughnut economics, the economy and companies should primarily serve the goals of ecological and social sustainability.' This reflects the central aim of the framework, which is to operate within a safe and just space for humanity by prioritizing ecological sustainability (planetary boundaries) and social sustainability (human needs). The phrasing 'primarily serve' captures the normative emphasis on sustainability as the guiding purpose for economic activity.
Option b: 'Doughnut economics is centred on solving the challenges of sustainable development.' While this statement touches on a broad objective that resonates with the general purpose of doughnut economics, it is somewhat imprecise. Doughnut economics specifically proposes a framework balancing social foundations with ecological ceilings, rather than framing itself simply as a generic solution to sustainable development challenges. This makes the statement partially true in spirit but not as precise or defining as option a.
Option c: 'The core idea of doughnut economics is that all economic activity should be based on solutions of the circular economy to ensure that planetary boundaries and the carrying capacity of Earth are not transgressed.' This is misleading. Although circular economy ideas can play a role within sustainability discourse, the doughnut framework centers on meeting human needs within planetary boundaries, not exclusively on circular economy solutions. It emphasizes the doughnut’s two rings (social foundation and ecological ceiling) rather than prescribing a single methodological path like the circular economy.
In summary, option a aligns most directly with the foundational goal of doughnut economics, option b captures a related but broader and less precise aim, and option c conflates the core concept with a specific subset of sustainability strategies that are not central to the framework.

Which of the following statements are true?

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