Which of the following statements are true?

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BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

When evaluating the statements, it helps to anchor your thinking in what Doughnut Economics (as proposed by Kate Raworth) is trying to convey about the purpose and boundaries of economic activity.
Option a: 'Doughnut economics is centred on solving the challenges of sustainable development.' This frames the framework as a tool to address sustainable development challenges by balancing social needs with planetary boundaries, which aligns with the overall aim of Doughnut Economics to create a safe and just space for humanity. It captures the broad intent of using the doughnut as a guide for sustainable development challenges rather than focusing solely on growth.
Option b: 'According to doughnut economics, the economy and companies should primarily serve the goals of ecological and social sustainability.' While the doughnut model foregrounds ecological and social sustainability, saying 'primarily serve' can be read as overly prescriptive or limiting, and it risks implying the economy has no other purposes or incentives beyond sustainability aims. The framework emphasizes enabling well-being within ecological limits, not merely prescribing duties to businesses; this wording can obscure the nuanced balance the model seeks between prosperity, fairness, and planetary health.
Option c: 'The core idea of doughnut economics is that all economic activity should be based on solutions of the circular economy to ensure that planetary boundaries and the carrying capacity of Earth are not transgressed.' This statement conflates two related but distinct ideas. Doughnut Economics centers on staying within planetary boundaries while meeting social foundations, whereas the circular economy is one possible set of practices to improve resource use and reduce waste. The doughnut framework is broader and not exclusively about circular economy solutions; it integrates ecological limits with human needs beyond a single mechanism like circularity.
In summary, option a correctly captures the general purpose of Doughnut Economics in addressing sustainable development challenges, while options b and c either overstate a single role or misrepresent the core emphasis of the framework.

Which of the following statements are true?

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