Which statement best defines a disaster according to international frameworks such as the UNDRR?

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BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

Let’s break down what the question is asking and examine each option in light of international frameworks like UNDRR.
Option 1: 'A hazard that results from human activity rather than natural processes.' This statement conflates hazards with the broader concept of the cause of a hazard. A disaster definition focuses on the impact and the community’s capacity to cope, not solely on whether the hazard is human-made or natural. So this is inaccurate as a complete definition of a disaster.
Option 2: 'A event that causes serious disruption to a community’s functioning that exceeds its ability to cope using its own resources.' This matches the standard UNDRR framing: a disaster occurs when a hazard causes significant disruption and the affected community cannot manage with its own resources, necessitating external assistance. The wording here captures both the severity of impact and the failure of local coping capacity.
Option 3: 'A sudden natural event that causes property damage.' While many disasters involve natural events, this definition is too narrow and focuses only on the event and property damage. It neglects the community’s functioning, disruption, and coping capacity, which are essential aspects of a disaster in international frameworks.
Option 4: 'Any hazard that occurs in a populated area.' This is overly broad and includes all hazards, regardless of impact or capacity to cope. Not every hazard in a populated area escalates to a disaster; the definition requires a disruption beyond local coping resources, which this option omits.
In summary, option 2 correctly integrates the key elements emphasized by international frameworks: a serious disruption to a community and a demand beyond its own resources to cope. The other options either mischaracterize what constitutes a disaster, are too narrow, or fail to include the critical coping-resource component.

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Which statement best defines a disaster according to international frameworks such as the UNDRR?

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