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ANSC20001_2025_SM1 Exam: Animal Physiology and Growth (ANSC20001_2025_SM1)- Requires Respondus LockDown Browser
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Complete the table describing the digestion and absorption process in each part of the gastrointestinal tract, and the destination of the digestion products. Nutrient Mouth Stomach Small intestine Destination Protein [ Select ] Mechanical breakdown Chemical breakdown [ Select ] Proteases break polypeptides into amino acids Free fatty acids in miscelles form Mechanical breakdown Pepsin breaks proteins into polypeptides [ Select ] Proteases break polypeptides into amino acids, dipeptides and tripeptides Acid denatures proteins [ Select ] Short chain fatty acids diffuse into blood vessels Amino acids and small peptides enter blood vessels Monosaccharides enter blood vessels Carbohydrates Mechanical breakdown Salivary amylase starts to break down polysaccharides into disaccharides [ Select ] Chemical breakdown Mechanical breakdown [ Select ] Proteases break polypeptides into amino acids, dipeptides and tripeptides Pancreatic amylase breaks polysaccharides & oligosaccharides into disaccharides Pancreatic lipase breaks triglycerides into monoglycerides and fatty acids [ Select ] Short chain fatty acids diffuse into blood vessels Monosaccharides enter blood vessels Amino acids and small peptides enter blood vessels Lipid Mechanical breakdown [ Select ] Mechanical breakdown Chemical breakdown [ Select ] Pancreatic amylase breaks polysaccharides & oligosaccharides into disaccharides Proteases break polypeptides into amino acids, dipeptides and tripeptides Bile salts emulsify lipids into smaller droplets. Pancreatic lipase breaks triglycerides into monoglycerides and fatty acids Bile salts form these into micelles [ Select ] Monosaccharides enter blood vessels Short chain fatty acids diffuse into blood vessels Amino acids and small peptides enter blood vessels
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Step-by-Step Analysis
The task asks you to fill in a table describing digestion and absorption across the GI tract, and then to evaluate the given selected options. Below, I walk through each item in the provided answer sequence, explaining whether it fits the biology of digestion and absorption, and why.
1) Protein row – Mouth column: 'Chemical breakdown'
- Why this is not correct: In the mouth, the primary activity for protein digestion is mechanical (chewing) and limited chemical action is not specific to protein digestion. The main chemical breakdown of proteins begins in the stomach with pepsin. Therefore labeling the mouth step as 'Chemical breakdown' for protein is inaccurate.
- Why it’s plausible to be wrong: Some chemical processes do occur (e.g., minor saliva components), but the dominant, nutrition-relevant action is mechanical mastication; the phrase 'Chemical breakdown' overstates the mouth’s role for proteins.
2) Protein row – Stomach column: 'Pepsin breaks proteins into polypeptides'
- Why this is correct: In the stomach, pepsin catalyzes the hydrolysis of proteins into shorter polypeptides. This matches the canonical sequence of protein digestion: proteins → polypeptides by pepsin in the gastric environment.
- Why this is not confusing: It aligns with the established step of gastric protein digestion, where acid and pepsin denature proteins and begin proteolysis.
3) Protein row – Small intestine column: 'Proteases break polypeptides into amino acids, dipeptides and tripeptides'
- Why this is correct: In the small intestine, pancreatic proteases (and brush-border peptidases) further hydrolyze polypeptides into amino acids, dipeptides, and tripeptides, which are then absorbed. This statement captures the key end products of intestinal proteolysis.
- Why this is plausible: It’s consistent with the stepwise digestion: polypeptides → smaller peptides and amino acids in the small intestine.
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Complete the table describing the digestion and absorption process in each part of the gastrointestinal tract, and the destination of the digestion products. Nutrient Mouth Stomach Small intestine Destination Protein [ Select ] Mechanical breakdown Chemical breakdown [ Select ] Mechanical breakdown Pepsin breaks proteins into polypeptides Free fatty acids in miscelles form Proteases break polypeptides into amino acids [ Select ] Acid denatures proteins Proteases break polypeptides into amino acids, dipeptides and tripeptides [ Select ] Short chain fatty acids diffuse into blood vessels Monosaccharides enter blood vessels Amino acids and small peptides enter blood vessels Carbohydrates Mechanical breakdown Salivary amylase starts to break down polysaccharides into disaccharides [ Select ] Chemical breakdown Mechanical breakdown [ Select ] Proteases break polypeptides into amino acids, dipeptides and tripeptides Pancreatic amylase breaks polysaccharides & oligosaccharides into disaccharides Pancreatic lipase breaks triglycerides into monoglycerides and fatty acids [ Select ] Short chain fatty acids diffuse into blood vessels Amino acids and small peptides enter blood vessels Monosaccharides enter blood vessels Lipid Mechanical breakdown [ Select ] Mechanical breakdown Chemical breakdown [ Select ] Proteases break polypeptides into amino acids, dipeptides and tripeptides Pancreatic amylase breaks polysaccharides & oligosaccharides into disaccharides Bile salts emulsify lipids into smaller droplets. Pancreatic lipase breaks triglycerides into monoglycerides and fatty acids Bile salts form these into micelles [ Select ] Monosaccharides enter blood vessels Amino acids and small peptides enter blood vessels Short chain fatty acids diffuse into blood vessels
Complete the table describing the digestion and absorption process in each part of the gastrointestinal tract, and the destination of the digestion products. Nutrient Mouth Stomach Small intestine Destination Protein [ Select ] Mechanical breakdown Chemical breakdown [ Select ] Free fatty acids in miscelles form Pepsin breaks proteins into polypeptides Mechanical breakdown Proteases break polypeptides into amino acids [ Select ] Acid denatures proteins Proteases break polypeptides into amino acids, dipeptides and tripeptides [ Select ] Amino acids and small peptides enter blood vessels Monosaccharides enter blood vessels Short chain fatty acids diffuse into blood vessels Carbohydrates Mechanical breakdown Salivary amylase starts to break down polysaccharides into disaccharides [ Select ] Chemical breakdown Mechanical breakdown [ Select ] Proteases break polypeptides into amino acids, dipeptides and tripeptides Pancreatic lipase breaks triglycerides into monoglycerides and fatty acids Pancreatic amylase breaks polysaccharides & oligosaccharides into disaccharides [ Select ] Monosaccharides enter blood vessels Short chain fatty acids diffuse into blood vessels Amino acids and small peptides enter blood vessels Lipid Mechanical breakdown [ Select ] Chemical breakdown Mechanical breakdown [ Select ] Pancreatic amylase breaks polysaccharides & oligosaccharides into disaccharides Bile salts emulsify lipids into smaller droplets. Pancreatic lipase breaks triglycerides into monoglycerides and fatty acids Bile salts form these into micelles Proteases break polypeptides into amino acids, dipeptides and tripeptides [ Select ] Amino acids and small peptides enter blood vessels Monosaccharides enter blood vessels Short chain fatty acids diffuse into blood vessels
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