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ANSC20001_2025_SM1 Exam: Animal Physiology and Growth (ANSC20001_2025_SM1)- Requires Respondus LockDown Browser
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Complete the table describing the digestion and absorption process in each part of the gastrointestinal tract, and the destination of the digestion products. Nutrient Mouth Stomach Small intestine Destination Protein [ Select ] Mechanical breakdown Chemical breakdown [ Select ] Free fatty acids in miscelles form Pepsin breaks proteins into polypeptides Mechanical breakdown Proteases break polypeptides into amino acids [ Select ] Acid denatures proteins Proteases break polypeptides into amino acids, dipeptides and tripeptides [ Select ] Amino acids and small peptides enter blood vessels Monosaccharides enter blood vessels Short chain fatty acids diffuse into blood vessels Carbohydrates Mechanical breakdown Salivary amylase starts to break down polysaccharides into disaccharides [ Select ] Chemical breakdown Mechanical breakdown [ Select ] Proteases break polypeptides into amino acids, dipeptides and tripeptides Pancreatic lipase breaks triglycerides into monoglycerides and fatty acids Pancreatic amylase breaks polysaccharides & oligosaccharides into disaccharides [ Select ] Monosaccharides enter blood vessels Short chain fatty acids diffuse into blood vessels Amino acids and small peptides enter blood vessels Lipid Mechanical breakdown [ Select ] Chemical breakdown Mechanical breakdown [ Select ] Pancreatic amylase breaks polysaccharides & oligosaccharides into disaccharides Bile salts emulsify lipids into smaller droplets. Pancreatic lipase breaks triglycerides into monoglycerides and fatty acids Bile salts form these into micelles Proteases break polypeptides into amino acids, dipeptides and tripeptides [ Select ] Amino acids and small peptides enter blood vessels Monosaccharides enter blood vessels Short chain fatty acids diffuse into blood vessels
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Step-by-Step Analysis
To approach this question, I will walk through each fill-in option in the order they appear and reason about whether it aligns with known digestion and absorption processes along the GI tract.
1) Protein – Mouth – Chemical breakdown
- Why this choice appears here: Selecting Chemical breakdown suggests that proteins are chemically digested in the mouth. In reality, the mouth primarily performs mechanical breakdown of food, with only minimal chemical activity for proteins (and that activity is not functionally significant under normal conditions). The enzyme available in saliva (salivary amylase) targets carbohydrates, not proteins. Therefore, labeling the mouth as a site of chemical protein breakdown is inconsistent with standard physiology, where chemical protein digestion does not meaningfully occur in the oral cavity. This makes this option generally incorrect for the protein row in the mouth.
2) Protein – Stomach – Pepsin breaks proteins into polypeptides
- Why this option is correct: The stomach acid (HCl) creates an acidic environment that activates pepsin from pepsinogen. Active pepsin cleaves peptide bonds in proteins, producing polypeptides. This is a textbook step in protein digestion, so this choice accurately captures the stomach's role.
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Complete the table describing the digestion and absorption process in each part of the gastrointestinal tract, and the destination of the digestion products. Nutrient Mouth Stomach Small intestine Destination Protein [ Select ] Mechanical breakdown Chemical breakdown [ Select ] Proteases break polypeptides into amino acids Free fatty acids in miscelles form Mechanical breakdown Pepsin breaks proteins into polypeptides [ Select ] Proteases break polypeptides into amino acids, dipeptides and tripeptides Acid denatures proteins [ Select ] Short chain fatty acids diffuse into blood vessels Amino acids and small peptides enter blood vessels Monosaccharides enter blood vessels Carbohydrates Mechanical breakdown Salivary amylase starts to break down polysaccharides into disaccharides [ Select ] Chemical breakdown Mechanical breakdown [ Select ] Proteases break polypeptides into amino acids, dipeptides and tripeptides Pancreatic amylase breaks polysaccharides & oligosaccharides into disaccharides Pancreatic lipase breaks triglycerides into monoglycerides and fatty acids [ Select ] Short chain fatty acids diffuse into blood vessels Monosaccharides enter blood vessels Amino acids and small peptides enter blood vessels Lipid Mechanical breakdown [ Select ] Mechanical breakdown Chemical breakdown [ Select ] Pancreatic amylase breaks polysaccharides & oligosaccharides into disaccharides Proteases break polypeptides into amino acids, dipeptides and tripeptides Bile salts emulsify lipids into smaller droplets. Pancreatic lipase breaks triglycerides into monoglycerides and fatty acids Bile salts form these into micelles [ Select ] Monosaccharides enter blood vessels Short chain fatty acids diffuse into blood vessels Amino acids and small peptides enter blood vessels
Complete the table describing the digestion and absorption process in each part of the gastrointestinal tract, and the destination of the digestion products. Nutrient Mouth Stomach Small intestine Destination Protein [ Select ] Mechanical breakdown Chemical breakdown [ Select ] Mechanical breakdown Pepsin breaks proteins into polypeptides Free fatty acids in miscelles form Proteases break polypeptides into amino acids [ Select ] Acid denatures proteins Proteases break polypeptides into amino acids, dipeptides and tripeptides [ Select ] Short chain fatty acids diffuse into blood vessels Monosaccharides enter blood vessels Amino acids and small peptides enter blood vessels Carbohydrates Mechanical breakdown Salivary amylase starts to break down polysaccharides into disaccharides [ Select ] Chemical breakdown Mechanical breakdown [ Select ] Proteases break polypeptides into amino acids, dipeptides and tripeptides Pancreatic amylase breaks polysaccharides & oligosaccharides into disaccharides Pancreatic lipase breaks triglycerides into monoglycerides and fatty acids [ Select ] Short chain fatty acids diffuse into blood vessels Amino acids and small peptides enter blood vessels Monosaccharides enter blood vessels Lipid Mechanical breakdown [ Select ] Mechanical breakdown Chemical breakdown [ Select ] Proteases break polypeptides into amino acids, dipeptides and tripeptides Pancreatic amylase breaks polysaccharides & oligosaccharides into disaccharides Bile salts emulsify lipids into smaller droplets. Pancreatic lipase breaks triglycerides into monoglycerides and fatty acids Bile salts form these into micelles [ Select ] Monosaccharides enter blood vessels Amino acids and small peptides enter blood vessels Short chain fatty acids diffuse into blood vessels
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