What dietary assessment methods were used in the 1997 National Nutrition Survey?

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Question restatement: What dietary assessment methods were used in the 1997 National Nutrition Survey?

Option a: Diet record and food frequency questionnaire. A diet record involves participants recording all foods and amounts over several days, and a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) asks about usual intake over a longer period. If the 1997 survey did not use this exact combination (diet records are less commonly paired with FFQs for that survey year), this option may misstate the actual methodology.

Option b: 24 hour recall and food frequency questionnaire. The 24 hour recall learns about what a person ate in the previous day, capturing detailed intake for that day, while the FFQ assesses usual intake over a longer timeframe. This combination is a common pairing in national nutrition surveys, making it a plausible match for the 1997 National Nutrition Survey.

Option c: 24 hour recall and food record. While a 24 hour recall captures a recent 24-hour snapshot, pairing it with a food record (which requires real-time logging by the participant over multiple days) is less typical for a single survey round and could introduce inconsistent data collection timing, reducing practicality for a national survey.

Option d: Diet history and direct observation. Diet history attempts to summarize usual intake through interviews, and direct observation entails watching meals, which is labor-intensive and unlikely to be used in a large national survey due to resource constraints.

Why option b is the most plausible correct choice: The combination of a 24 hour recall with an FFQ provides both detailed short-term intake information and a measure of usual intake over time, which is a standard approach in many national nutrition assessments to estimate nutrient intakes and dietary patterns. It balances depth (24-hour recall) and breadth (FFQ) across a large population.

Why the other options are less consistent: Option a’s pairing (diet record + FFQ) is not as commonly used together in a national survey due to the burden of diet records. Option c’s mix (24-hour recall + diet record) introduces redundant or mismatched data collection timelines. Option d (diet history + direct observation) is impractical for a nationwide survey because direct observation is resource-intensive and diet history is less often used as the sole combination for large-scale assessments.

What dietary assessment methods were used in the 1997 National Nutrition Survey?

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