The physiological mechanistic difference between Type I (formally called child onset) and Type II (formally called adult onset) diabetes is:

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Question restatement: The prompt asks for the physiological mechanistic difference between Type I (child onset) and Type II (adult onset) diabetes.
Option 1: 'the early Type I diabetic cannot absorb glucose in the intestine and lacks glucose in the blood' This is inaccurate because diabetes pathophysiology is not about intestinal glucose absorption being blocked; the primary issue is insulin production or action, not intestinal absorption of glucose.
Option 2: 'at all stages the Type II diabetic can’t make any insulin whatsoever' This is incorrect since many individuals with Type II diabetes retain some endogenous insulin production, especially early on, and the defining problem is insulin resistance rather than complete absence of insulin production.
Option 3: 'the Type I diabetic can't make insulin; the early/mid-time Type II diabetic can make insulin but muscle doesn’t respond to it properly' This statement captures the classic mechanistic distinction: Type I is characterized by little to no insulin production due to autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells, whereas Type II often involves insulin resistance with relative, but not absent, insulin production, particularly in the earlier stages.
Option 4: 'the early Type I diabetic can make insulin but it doesn’t work properly' This portrayal misrepresents Type I as having insulin that simply doesn't work; in reality, Type I typically involves minimal or absent insulin production rather than functional insulin that is ineffective.
Further considerations: Understanding that Type I is characterized by beta-cell destruction leading to insulin deficiency, while Type II involves impaired insulin action (resistance) and a variable contribution of insulin deficiency over time, helps distinguish the two mechanisms. The other options either misstate insulin production status or incorrectly focus on intestinal glucose handling rather than the core issue of insulin production versus insulin action.

The physiological mechanistic difference between Type I (formally called child onset) and Type II (formally called adult onset) diabetes is:

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