Which theory of development emphasized unconscious drives and early experiences, and which emphasized understanding how a person thinks?

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The question asks us to identify which theory emphasizes unconscious drives and early experiences, and which emphasizes understanding how a person thinks.
Option 1: 'Psychoanalytic theory emphasized unconscious drives and early experiences, whereas cognitive theory emphasized understanding how a person thinks.' This aligns with classic psychology: psychoanalytic theory (Freud) focuses on unconscious processes and early childhood experiences, while cognitive theory centers on mental processes like thinking, memory, and problem-solving. This option is accurate.
Option 2: 'Psychoanalytic theory emphasized unconscious drives and early experiences, whereas behaviorism emphasized understanding how a person thinks.' Behaviorism does not focus on thinking processes; it concentrates on observable behavior and environmental stimuli, making this pairing incorrect for the cognitive emphasis.
Option 3: 'Behaviorism emphasized unconscious drives and early experiences, whereas psychoanalytic theory emphasized understanding how a person thinks.' This swaps the classical roles: behaviorism is not about unconscious drives or early experiences, and psychoanalytic theory is not primarily about describing thinking processes in the broad cognitive sense. So this is inaccurate.
Option 4: 'Cognitive theory emphasized unconscious drives and early experiences, whereas psychoanalytic theory emphasized understanding how a person thinks.' This reverses the well-established emphases: cognitive theory is about thinking processes, not unconscious drives and early experiences, which belong to psychoanalytic theory. Therefore this option is incorrect.

Intro to Child Psychology CHILD PSYC Exam #1 - Due 10/1

Which theory of development emphasized unconscious drives and early experiences, and which emphasized understanding how a person thinks?

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