What happens as a country goes through the "Demographic transition”?

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

Starting with a broad view of the demographic transition, the core sequence describes shifts in mortality and fertility as a country develops economically and socially.
Option a: 'The birth rate and death rate falls at the same time' is not how the classic transition unfolds. Mortality typically declines before fertility; simultaneous declines would contradict the typical staged pattern seen in historical demographic data.
Option b: 'The death rate increases, followed sometime later but the birth rate' is inconsistent with the demographic transition. There is no stage where death rates rise as countries develop; instead, improvements in health reduce mortality, not increase it, and fertility trends respond to multiple evolving factors rather than a simple delayed birth-rate increase.
Option c: 'Birth rate falls first, followed sometime later by the death rate' reverses the established sequence. In the demographic transition, it is usually mortality declines first, which then leads to changes in birth rates as societies adapt, rather than the other way around.
Option d: 'The death rate falls first followed sometime later by the birth rate' correctly reflects the classic model. Improvements in public health, sanitation, nutrition, and medical care reduce mortality initially, which causes population growth; fertility then begins to decline later due to changes in economic conditions, urbanization, increased education, especially for women, and access to contraception.
In summary, the orderly pattern is: a drop in death rates precedes a drop in birth rates, rather than the reverse or simultaneous changes, making option d the accurate description of the demographic transition sequence.

What happens as a country goes through the "Demographic transition”?

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