You watched a video, read an article, and did an activity in your textbook about children's delay of gratification. The tasks in these studies ask children to wait for a large reward, but they could instead choose to have a smaller reward immediately. Yanaoka and colleagues compared how children in Japan and the US performed on such tasks. They found that

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The prompt describes a study by Yanaoka and colleagues comparing children in Japan and the US on delay-of-gratification tasks, where children could wait for a large reward or take a smaller reward now.
Option 1: 'children in both cultures waited longer for food rewards than for other kinds of rewards.' This statement makes a general claim about reward type (food vs non-food) across cultures. If the study focused on cross-cultural differences and pauses for reward types, this would need specific empirical support from the article. Without that explicit finding, this option may be overly narrow or not aligned with the described cultural comparison.
Option 2: 'culturally specific habits (i.e., waiting for food or waiting to open wrapped gifts) support children's developing ability to wait for treats.' Here the idea is that culturally embedded practices related to waiting (like waiting for food or unwrapping gifts) help children build the self-control or delay of gratification. This aligns with developmental literature suggesting that culturally shaped routines can influence self-control development, and it matches the phrasing of the correct answer in the provided data.
Option 3: 'there were no cultural differences in children's ability to wait for rewards.' This asserts equivalence across cultures. If the study’s finding emphasizes a cultural difference or culturally specific habits, this neutral statement would be contradicted by that focus, and would be incorrect given the identified correct option.
Option 4: 'reflecting differences in cultural values in obedience, children in Japan were much better at waiting for rewards than were children in the US.' This frames the result as a straightforward cross-national difference tied to obedience values. While it speaks to cultural comparisons, it portrays a specific directional difference that may or may not be supported by the study; if the actual finding centers on habits rather than a general obedience-based claim, this would mischaracterize the result.
In evaluating each choice, notice how the reasoning hinges on whether the option accurately reflects the study’s emphasis on culturally specific habits that shape delay of gratification, as opposed to broad claims about reward types, absence of differences, or a simple Japan-versus-US obedience narrative. The second option is the one that best captures a nuanced, culture-relative mechanism for developing the ability to wait, rather than making broad or unsupported generalizations. This avoids overgeneralization about either reward type or national characteristics and aligns with the idea that context-specific practices contribute to delay of gratification skills.

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