Sometimes after a big football game fans will riot, getting into fights and destroying property. People in such a crowd will often do things that they would never do on their own. This effect is due primarily to a process of

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Question restatement: The scenario describes fans in a big game crowd who, after the event, engage in fights and property destruction that they wouldn’t do alone. The prompt asks which process mainly explains this crowd behavior.
Option 1: social facilitation. This concept refers to improved performance on simple or well-learned tasks when others are present, not the emergence of reckless or antisocial acts in a crowd. It does not account for why people engage in behaviors they wouldn’t ordinarily do when isolated.
Option 2: social loafing. This refers to people exerting less effort when working in a group than when alone, especially on tasks requiring individual effort. It explains reduced effort in group tasks, but not the surge of risk-taking or anonymity-driven actions seen in rioting crowds.
Option 3: groupthink. Groupthink is a tendency for cohesive groups to make faulty or irrational decisions to maintain harmony, typically in organizational or deliberative contexts. It doesn’t capture the disinhibition and impulsivity typical of crowd violence.
Option 4: deindividuation. This is the key idea: in a crowd or anonymous group, individuals experience diminished self-awareness and reduced personal accountability, which can lead to disinhibited, even aggressive, behaviors that they would not display alone. The described riot scenario matches this phenomenon closely.
In summary, while each option points to crowd-related dynamics, only deindividuation directly explains the loss of personal restraint and the propensity for actions individuals wouldn’t normally perform when individuated and alone. The other concepts address different social processes (performance effects, effort distribution, and group-level decision dynamics) that do not fit the given behavior as precisely.

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Sometimes after a big football game fans will riot, getting into fights and destroying property. People in such a crowd will often do things that they would never do on their own. This effect is due primarily to a process of

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