De-individuation refers to:

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Question restatement: The prompt asks, 'De-individuation refers to:' and provides an answer field claiming 'C. A state in which group or social identity completely dominates personal or individual identity.' However, there are no answer options listed in the provided data (the answer_options array is empty).

Because the answer options are missing, we cannot evaluate each specific choice against the question. What we can do is discuss the concept of de-individuation and compare the given proposed definition to the standard understanding, so you can see why that particular phrasing may be misleading.

General understanding of de-individuation: In social psychology, de-individuation refers to a psychological state in which a person’s sense of individual identity is reduced, often leading to diminished self-awareness and a stronger alignment with group norms or behaviors. It is commonly associated with increased anonymity, diffusion of responsibility, and a heightened tendency to conform to the behavior of others in the group. Importantly, it does not necessarily mean that group identity completely dominates personal identity; rather, it describes a reduction in personal distinctiveness and self-regulation in group contexts.

Why the provided option might be problematic:
- The phrase 'completely dominates personal or individual identity' implies a total and absolute takeover of self-identity by group identity. In most literature, de-individuation is characterized by reduced personal self-awareness and increased group influence, but not an absolute erasure of personal identity.
- It suggests a binary dominance (group fully controls the individual), which is an overstatement. Individuals can still retain some sense of unique self; the effect is more about decreased salience of personal identity relative to the group's norms.
- The concept is often discussed alongside phenomena like anonymity, reduced accountability, and altered behavior in crowds or online environments, rather than a total subsumption of the self by the group.

If you had the full set of answer options, you would compare each choice to the standard definition: look for language that emphasizes reduced self-awareness, anonymity, and increased conformity to group norms, rather than an outright, complete substitution of personal identity by group identity.

In sum, with the current data, we cannot select or critique a specific option beyond noting that the supplied definition overstates the effect, which is typically described as reduced personal identity salience rather than complete domination by group identity. If you obtain the missing options, I can walk you through evaluating each one against the canonical definition.

PSYC20009_2025_SM2 Lecture 9 Quiz

De-individuation refers to:

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