De-individuation refers to:

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Question: De-individuation refers to:

Option A: 'The process of developing a strong sense of individual identity within a group setting.' This describes strengthening personal identity rather than reducing it, which is the opposite of de-individuation. It mischaracterizes the effect of being in a group by focusing on individuality, not its suppression.

Option B: 'The dissolution of group cohesion and the formation of subgroups.' De-individuation is about the individual's loss of self-awareness within a group, not about structural changes within the group such as cohesion loss or subgroup formation. This option confuses group dynamics with internal identity changes.

Option C: 'A state in which group or social identity completely dominates personal or individual identity.' This captures the core idea of de-individuation: the individual's personal self-awareness and unique identity are diminished, and the group identity becomes primary. It aligns with the standard definition of the concept in social psychology, where anonymity, uniformity, and immersion in a group can override personal self-concept.

Option D: 'The tendency for individuals to adapt to group norms and expectations.' While adaptation to group norms is a social influence phenomenon (conformity or social norms adoption), it does not inherently imply the loss of personal identity to the same extent described by de-individuation. This option describes conformity more than the inward experiential change characteristic of de-individuation.

In summary, the accurate description emphasizes the dominance of group identity over personal identity, which is what de-individuation entails, whereas the other options refer to related but distinct social processes such as strengthening individuality, changing group structure, or mere conformity without the identity diffusion aspect.

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De-individuation refers to:

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