Which of the following layers handle physical communications between two neighboring systems?

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Question restatement: Which of the following layers handle physical communications between two neighboring systems?

Option 1: Application Layer. This layer is primarily concerned with end-user applications and interfaces, not with the mechanics of how two devices exchange data over a direct link. It sits at the top of the model and delegates transport and network concerns to lower layers.

Option 2: Network Layer. The network layer is responsible for path determination and routing data across multiple networks, not for direct neighbor-to-neighbor communication on a single link. Its focus is end-to-end delivery across a network of nodes, which is broader than just a single physical link.

Option 3: Transport Layer. The transport layer handles end-to-end communication, segmentation, flow control, and reliability between hosts, rather than addressing the specifics of a single physical link between two neighboring devices.

Option 4: Data Link Layer. This layer is designed to manage communications between adjacent (neighboring) devices on the same physical link. It encapsulates data into frames, provides framing and addressing (MAC), and offers error detection (and sometimes error correction) across a single link, which aligns with handling communications between two neighboring systems.

Putting it together, the Data Link Layer specifically targets the node-to-node transfer across a direct link, matching the description of handling physical communications between two neighboring systems. The other layers operate at different scopes (end-user applications, network-wide routing, and end-to-end transport) and do not address the direct neighbor-to-neighbor link mechanics.

CS4516-A25-A01 CS4516-Final Exam-2025A

Which of the following layers handle physical communications between two neighboring systems?

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