When caring for terminally ill patients from diverse cultural backgrounds, nurses should: (select all that apply)

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This question asks which actions are appropriate when caring for terminally ill patients from diverse cultural backgrounds, emphasizing individualized, respectful care.
Option 1: 'Treat shifting cultural preferences as barriers rather than opportunities for personalized care' This is not appropriate. Viewing cultural changes as barriers ignores the opportunity to learn from the patient and family, and to tailor care to their evolving needs. It promotes rigidity and cultural insensitivity rather than patient-centered care.
Option 2: 'Treat all patients according to rituals based on ethnicity' This is a reductive approach that assumes a monolithic ethnic ritual for each patient. Individuals within any culture may hold a wide range of beliefs and practices, so applying a single ritual to everyone risks misalignment with the person's actual preferences and values.
Option 3: 'Ask about preferred end of life rituals or family traditions' This is a proactive, respectful practice. By inquiring about what matters to the patient and family, nurses can honor values, reduce distress, and support meaningful experiences at the end of life. It demonstrates cultural humility and person-centered care.
Option 4: 'Include spiritual care/chaplain services that align with the patient's belief system' Integrating spiritual care that matches the patient’s beliefs helps address existential concerns, provides comfort, and supports holistic well-being. Collaboration with chaplains or spiritual advisors who reflect the patient’s faith or worldview is commonly regarded as best practice in culturally competent end-of-life care.
In summary, the morally and clinically appropriate choices here are options 3 and 4, as they emphasize individualized assessment, respect for beliefs, and appropriate incorporation of spiritual support. The first two options promote stereotypes or barriers rather than personalized, respectful care, making them inappropriate.

When caring for terminally ill patients from diverse cultural backgrounds, nurses should: (select all that apply)

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