A classification of costs that determines whether a cost is expensed to the income statement or capitalized to inventory is:

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The question asks for the classification of costs that determines whether a cost is expensed to the income statement or capitalized to inventory.
Option 1: 'Fixed versus variable.' This distinction describes cost behavior, not whether a cost should be expensed or capitalized. Fixed costs remain constant in total despite activity level, while variable costs change with production. It does not directly determine inventory capitalization.
Option 2: 'Direct versus indirect.' This contrasts tracing costs to a specific product versus general overhead. While it relates to cost assignment, it does not by itself decide capitalization versus expensing at the period-end; both direct and indirect costs can be expensed or capitalized depending on whether they become part of inventory.
Option 3: 'Financial versus managerial.' This is about the purpose of information (external financial reporting vs internal management). It is not the technical criterion used to determine whether a cost is capitalized to inventory or expensed.
Option 4: 'Service versus manufacturing.' This distinction separates types of operations, but service costs typically do not involve inventory capitalization, and it does not address the general rule for expensing versus capitalizing costs in inventory accounting.
Option 5: 'Product versus period.' This is the correct conceptual criterion: costs that are inventoriable (product costs) are capitalized into inventory and expensed as cost of goods sold when the product is sold, whereas period costs are expensed in the period incurred. This aligns with standard accounting practice for determining whether a cost should be added to inventory or charged to the income statement immediately.
Overall, the correct framing centers on whether the cost contributes to product creation (product cost) or relates to the period without inventory involvement (period cost). The other options describe useful cost classifications, but they do not directly govern the inventory capitalization decision.

accy_201_120258_251205 Review Quiz #6

A classification of costs that determines whether a cost is expensed to the income statement or capitalized to inventory is:

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