What is the main difference between C-chart and P-chart?

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

Question focus: distinguishing C-chart and P-chart in control chart usage. 
Option 1: 'There is no difference' This is incorrect because C-charts and P-charts are designed for different types of data and purpose: C-charts count defects per unit (attribute data, discrete count) whereas P-charts track the proportion defective (fraction defective, also attribute data but dealing with rates). Saying there is no difference ignores these distinct measurements and applications.
Option 2: 'P-chart is for continuous data, C-chart is not' This statement is misleading. Both charts are used for attribute data, not continuous (which would involve X-bar or S charts for variables data). The key distinction is not about continuous vs non-continuous, but about what each chart measures: proportion vs count. So this option incorrectly characterizes the data type and purpose.
Option 3: 'C-chart counts defects per unit, P-chart monitors proportion defective' This is correct. A C-chart is used to count the number of defects per unit when there can be multiple defects per unit but the unit itself is constant in size. A P-chart monitors the proportion of defective units in a sample, reflecting defectives over the total units sampled. This captures the fundamental difference in what each chart measures and how they are interpreted.
Option 4: 'C-chart monitors attributes, P-chart monitors variables' This is inaccurate as both charts monitor attribute data (defect presence/absence or defect counts), not variables. Variable charts for continuous measurements include X-bar and R/S charts. So this option misstates the data type each chart handles.
In summary, the key conceptual distinction is that C-charts quantify defect counts per unit, while P-charts quantify the defect rate (proportion of defective units) across samples. The incorrect options either mischaracterize data types, misstate what each chart measures, or deny the fundamental difference between the two charts. The provided correct explanation aligns with standard statistical process control definitions for C-charts and P-charts.

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What is the main difference between C-chart and P-chart?

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