Nick Miller sends an offer to a local bookstore to sell them 100 copies of his novel, The Pepperwood Chronicles, for $10 dollars each to be delivered to them in one week at their store location with a 10% late fee for any late payments. The bookstore sends back an acceptance form agreeing to the price, delivery and quantity, but changes some wording on the jurisdiction clause. Due to the change in the jurisidiciton clause, Nick proceeds to sell the books to a local school instead. The bookstore sues Nick for Breach of Contract. Which is the most likely outcome:

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BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

Consider the scenario as a contract formation puzzle. The initial offer from Nick Miller to sell 100 copies at $10 each with delivery in a week and a late payment provision creates a potential contract, contingent on proper acceptance.
Option 1: The bookstore will lose. The parties did not enter a contract. This rests on the mirror-image rule: a contract is formed when the offeree accepts the offer exactly as stated. Here, the bookstore’s response accepted price, quantity, and delivery terms but altered the jurisdiction clause. Such a modification is not a mere clerical change; it is a change in a fundamental term. In classical contract doctrine, a counteroffer occurs when the offeree presents terms that vary from or add to the original offer. By introducing a new term (the altered jurisdiction clause), the bookstore effectively rejected the original offer and proposed a new one. Unless Nick accepts that changed term, no contract is formed. Since Nick proceeded to deal with another party, it signals he did not accept the modification, reinforcing the conclusion that no contract was formed between Nick and the bookstore.
Option 2: The bookstore will win because the parties had a valid contract. This is the common mistake here: the presence of an offer and some form of acceptance does not guarantee a contract if the acceptance is not exact. The key issue is the altered term. Because the acceptance did not mirror the offer, a contract was not formed under the mirror-image rule. Therefore, this option rests on an assumption of an unaltered acceptance, which is incorrect given the modification.
Option 3: The bookstore will win against the local school for contractual interference, even if they did not know about the contract discussions with Pepperwood Chronicles. This introduces a separate tort—interference with a contract—which requires the existence of a valid contract and intentional interference by a third party. Since, as discussed, no contract was formed between Nick and the bookstore, there is no contract for a third party to interfere with. Moreover, even if there were a contract, proving knowledge of the contract by the third party and the requisite intent can be challenging. This option presumes a contract existed and that the bookstore has a viable claim for interference, which is not supported by the facts given.
Option 4: The bookstore will lose for Breach of Contract but win for Promissory Estoppel. Breach of contract requires a valid contract, which we do not have due to the counteroffer issue. Promissory estoppel could arise if the bookstore relied on a promise to its detriment, but for estoppel to apply, there must be a clear reliance on a promise that the promisor intended to induce and that the reliance was reasonably foreseeable. Here, the absence of a binding contract undermines the promissory-estoppel theory, and there is no clear indication of such reliance forming a basis for a claim against Nick. Therefore, this option is unlikely given the lack of a valid contract and the typical prerequisites for promissory estoppel.

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