Which of the following is NOT correct concerning the early history of contraception and the birth control pill?

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Question focus: identifying which statement is NOT correct about the early history of contraception and the birth control pill.
Option 1: 'Volunteers in America participated in early clinical trials during the 1950’s' — This claim is incorrect. Early clinical development of the pill involved researchers like Carl Djerassi, Pedro intact? No, the classic early trials were conducted with volunteers in the United States and Puerto Rico, focusing on hormonal formulations, but blanketly stating 'Volunteers in America' participated is not accurate and oversimplifies the trial locations and sponsors. The statement as written misrepresents the historical record, and thus is not correct.
Option 2: 'In the early 1900’s, contraception was illegal in America' — This is broadly true in many places and contexts. Before the 1960s, contraception faced legal and social barriers, including laws like the Comstock Act of 1873 and subsequent enforcement that restricted distribution of birth control information and devices. While it’s not a perfect universal claim for every state, as a historical trend it is broadly accurate to say contraception faced illegality or heavy restriction in the early 1900s in America.
Option 3: 'Scientists knew at the time that progesterone would block ovulation, but progesterone initially was difficult to purify or synthesize.' — This reflects historical challenges. Progesterone’s role in blocking ovulation was understood conceptually, but obtaining and synthesizing pure progesterone posed technical and purification challenges in the early development era, delaying practical pill development.
Option 4: 'The scientist Gregory Pincus, funded by Margaret Sanger and the wealthy heiress Kathleen McCormick, began to formulate early versions of what we now refer to as “the pill.”' — This aligns with historical accounts: Gregory Pincus collaborated with researchers (including involvement of Margaret Sanger’s advocacy and funding from Katharine McCormick) to develop early contraceptive pill formulations, making this statement credible and accurate.
Option 5: 'Margaret Sanger started the first birth control clinic in 1916, and in 1942 formed the organization Planned Parenthood.' — This description matches well-documented milestones: Sanger established the first birth control clinic in 1916, and the organizational evolution led to the establishment of Planned Parenthood in the following decades, fitting historical records.
In examining these choices, the inaccuracies tend to revolve around broad, imprecise phrasing or factual simplifications. The assertion in Option 1 is the one that most clearly conflicts with the precise historical record as commonly cited in histories of contraception development. The other options reference established historical points, even if some details are summarized. The student should recognize that broader legal and ethical contexts (Option 2), scientific developments and purification challenges (Option 3), the pivotal collaboration and funding (Option 4), and early clinic activism and organizational evolution (Option 5) all align with documented history, whereas Option 1 does not accurately reflect the documented participation and scope of early trials.

CHEM151_WI25_A00 Chem151-Midterm

Which of the following is NOT correct concerning the early history of contraception and the birth control pill?

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