The continuity equation is an expression of

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BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

The question asks what the continuity equation expresses, so we examine each option in turn to see which concept it conveys.
Option 1: 'conservation of momentum.' While momentum conservation is a fundamental principle in fluid dynamics and is described by the momentum equations (like the Navier–Stokes equations), the continuity equation specifically is not about momentum balance. It does not track the transfer or conservation of momentum, but rather the conservation of mass, so this statement is incorrect in the context of the continuity equation.
Option 2: 'conservation of energy.' Energy conservation is central to the energy equation and thermodynamics, but the continuity equation deals with mass continuity rather than energy balance. Therefore this option does not describe what the continuity equation expresses, making it incorrect.
Option 3: 'conservation of angular momentum.' Angular momentum conservation is a separate principle that applies under certain symmetry conditions and is not what the continuity equation encodes. The continuity equation does not address angular momentum directly, so this option is incorrect.
Option 4: 'conservation of mass.' This is the core idea behind the continuity equation: in fluid flow, mass is neither created nor destroyed within a control volume. The mathematical form ∂ρ/∂t + ∇·(ρ v) = 0 (or, for incompressible flow, ∇·v = 0 with constant density) expresses that mass entering and leaving a region must balance with any accumulation. Thus, this option correctly reflects the meaning of the continuity equation.

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