In lecture, your instructor shared an example of a student in her class who called her boyfriend a dog to describe/explain ____________ meanings of words.

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When we examine word meaning, there are several layers to consider. Denotative meaning is the literal, dictionary definition of a word, without the emotional baggage or social nuance. Option 1) denotative would capture the basic, explicit meaning, but the scenario centers on social emotion and attitude embedded in the term, not just its dictionary definition. Option 2) semantic generally refers to meaning in language more broadly, including relationships between signs, but it does not specifically foreground the emotional associations or cultural connotations attached to a term. Option 3) pragmatic concerns how context and use influence meaning in communication; while context matters, the key idea in the example is the emotional weight attached to the word, not the communicative function per se. Option 4) connotative correctly targets the idea of implied meanings, feelings, and evaluative overtones that a word like "dog" can carry in a relationship context. The insult or affection implied by calling someone a dog conveys connotative meaning rather than just the literal definition. The other options fail to capture this emotional or evaluative layer, making them less accurate explanations for the described use.

In lecture, your instructor shared an example of a student in her class who called her boyfriend a dog to describe/explain ____________ meanings of words.

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