In host-inferred congestion control, congestion is detected based on delayed and/or dropped packets.

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Let's restate what the prompt is asking: evaluate the concept of host-inferred congestion control and examine the statement that congestion is detected based on delayed and/or dropped packets.

Since there are no alternative answer options provided for comparison, we will focus on the given claim and its typical interpretation in networking literature.

Option considered: 'host-inferred' as the approach. In host-inferred congestion control, the end host itself infers the presence of congestion by observing network conditions such as rising RTTs, increased packet delay, longer queueing times, and the occurrence of packet loss. These indicators (delay and loss) are classic signals that a path or a router’s buffers are congested, causing the host to adjust its sending rate to alleviate the congestion. This understanding aligns with how many traditional congestion control schemes operate: the host uses observed symptoms (delay and/or loss) to infer congestion and respond accordingly.

Potential subtleties to keep in mind include the fact that delayed packets can arise from factors other than congestion, such as route changes or transient link issues, and packet loss can occur due to errors rather than congestion. Nevertheless, the core mechanism of host-based inference often centers on monitoring delay and loss as primary congestion indicators, which supports the stated claim as a reasonable characterization of host-inferred congestion control.

If we were to contrast with non-host-based approaches, such as explicit congestion notification (ECN) or router-assisted feedback, those methods rely on network or edge signaling to inform the host of congestion, rather than the host inferring solely from delays and losses. This contrast helps clarify the scope of the term 'host-inferred' as distinct from network-assisted schemes.

In summary, the claim that congestion is detected based on delayed and/or dropped packets captures the core idea of host-inferred congestion control, while acknowledging that other causes of delay or loss can complicate the inference in practice.

INTRO TO COMPUTER NETWORKS (CS_372_400_U2025) Module 3 Summary Exercises

In host-inferred congestion control, congestion is detected based on delayed and/or dropped packets.

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