Confucius believes harsh laws and severe punishments are necessary in a well-governed state.

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BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

Let's explore the two statements in the item. 
Option 1: 'True' — This would claim that Confucius believes harsh laws and severe punishments are necessary in a well-governed state. Historical and textual understanding of Confucian thought argues the opposite: Confucius emphasized rule by virtue (ren) and moral leadership, the importance of benevolence (shu) from the ruler, and the idea that governance should be based on proper rites (li) and fostering a virtuous populace. Harsh laws and severe punishments are more characteristic of Legalist philosophy, which Confucius opposed or minimized in favor of moral example and education. Therefore, labeling Confucius as endorsing harsh laws would misrepresent his core emphasis on moral cultivation and benevolent rule. 
Option 2: 'False' — This asserts that Confucius does not advocate harsh laws as necessary for good governance. This aligns with classical Confucian teachings, which prioritize virtue, righteousness, and humane governance over coercive measures. While some practical authorities may acknowledge penalties as a component of governance, the central doctrine stresses leading through virtue and ritual propriety rather than relying on fear and severity. Consequently, this statement correctly captures the Confucian view. 
In summary, the assertion in Option 1 conflicts with Confucian ideals of rulership through virtue and moral example, whereas Option 2 accurately reflects the tradition’s emphasis on benevolent governance over harsh coercion.

Spr25_CHIN012_36029 2.3.6.1: Quiz on Confucius on Good Government

Confucius believes harsh laws and severe punishments are necessary in a well-governed state.

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