In lecture you learned about a year that was crucial for the first generation of commercial computing, because it is when the transistor was created, stored-data became implemented, programming standards were set, RAM was first introduced, the FBI first predicted computer fraud, etc - that year was:

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The question asks us to identify a pivotal year in the early era of commercial computing, tied to landmark developments such as the creation of the transistor, stored-data concepts, programming standards, early RAM, and even external recognitions like the FBI predicting computer fraud.
Option 1: 1947. This year is historically significant for the invention of the transistor at Bell Labs, which is a cornerstone event enabling major advances in computing. It aligns with the era when foundational hardware innovations began to transform computing from purely vacuum-tube based systems toward more scalable technologies. While some components like RAM and programming standards evolved over subsequent years, 1947 is the closest and most defensible single-year marker linking these revolutionary milestones.
Option 2: 1957. A decade later, 1957 is associated with progress in early integrated circuits and further maturation of computer technology, but it does not match the earliest emergence of the transistor itself or the initial foundational shifts described in the prompt.
Option 3: 1939. This year predates the key hardware breakthroughs that define the shift from vacuum tubes toward transistors and stored-program concepts. In 1939, general-purpose electronic computing was still in very nascent theoretical and experimental stages, far from the landmark transistor invention.
Option 4: 1949. While this year sits after 1947 and could reflect incremental progress in computing hardware, it does not correspond to the fundamental event of the transistor’s creation, which is the anchor point highlighted in the question, and thus is not the best fit for the described milestone set.
In short, the phrasing points to the mid-late 1940s timeline anchored by the transistor invention, making 1947 the most accurate choice among the options.

FMS87 Intro to Digital... week 2: quiz 1

In lecture you learned about a year that was crucial for the first generation of commercial computing, because it is when the transistor was created, stored-data became implemented, programming standards were set, RAM was first introduced, the FBI first predicted computer fraud, etc - that year was:

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