Which of the following sentences best describes what happens during competitive inhibition of an enzyme?

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BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

To answer this question, we need to recall what characterizes competitive inhibition in enzymes.
Option 1: 'An enzyme is activated by an inhibitor' is incorrect because inhibitors do not activate enzymes; they impede activity. In competitive inhibition, the inhibitor blocks catalysis rather than enhancing it.
Option 2: 'An inhibitor binds to the active site of an enzyme' is the core description of competitive inhibition. The inhibitor mimics or occupies the active site so the actual substrate cannot bind, thereby reducing enzyme activity in a reversible manner.
Option 3: 'An enzyme is covalently modified by an inhibitor' describes irreversible inhibition or covalent modification, not typical competitive inhibition. Competitive inhibitors usually bind non-covalently and can be displaced by higher substrate concentrations.
Option 4: 'An inhibitor binds to an allosteric site of an enzyme' corresponds to allosteric or noncompetitive inhibition, where binding occurs at a site other than the active site and changes enzyme activity without directly blocking substrate binding.
Option 5: 'Two substrates compete for binding to the active site of an enzyme' could describe substrate competition, but it misattributes the competition to an inhibitor scenario. In competitive inhibition, the competition is between the inhibitor and the substrate for the same active site, not two substrates competing for binding.

Which of the following sentences best describes what happens during competitive inhibition of an enzyme?

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