Under EU competition law, state aid rules exist primarily to:

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Examining the purpose of state aid rules under EU competition law involves understanding what these rules aim to safeguard across the internal market.
Option a: 'Promote national industries.' While national interests can be a consideration for governments, state aid rules are not primarily about boosting individual member-state industries. The EU framework emphasizes leveling the playing field and preventing distortions that harm other competitors within the single market.
Option b: 'Promote EU corporate champions.' This framing suggests favoritism toward certain firms, which would undermine competition. State aid control intends to prevent selective advantage to a few firms and ensure competition remains fair rather than advancing a limited set of corporate players.
Option c: 'Protect small and medium enterprises.' Although helping SMEs can be a desirable effect of well-designed aid, the central aim of state aid rules is broader: to maintain competitive conditions across the EU and prevent distortions, rather than to shield a particular category of business from competition alone.
Option d: 'Protect consumer welfare.' This option captures the core objective of EU state aid control: ensuring that public support does not distort competition to the detriment of consumers, price levels, choice, and overall welfare within the internal market. By policing distortions, the rules indirectly protect consumers as end beneficiaries of a competitive market.

Under EU competition law, state aid rules exist primarily to:

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