Question at position 9 Concerned with the potential health hazards of working at the site of the Twin Towers in the wake of the 9/11 attack, a study enrolls all clean-up workers, rescue crews, and other staff who, at some point, had worked in the general vicinity of the Tower rubble. The study then observed their health over time and sees if any eventual health problems that some people enrolled in the study may develop are more likely to be observed among people with certain levels of exposure to the contaminants in the building rubble. This is an example of what type of study?Randomized Controlled TrialCohort StudyEcological StudyCase-Control Study

Question

Question at position 9 Concerned with the potential health hazards of working at the site of the Twin Towers in the wake of the 9/11 attack, a study enrolls all clean-up workers, rescue crews, and other staff who, at some point, had worked in the general vicinity of the Tower rubble. The study then observed their health over time and sees if any eventual health problems that some people enrolled in the study may develop are more likely to be observed among people with certain levels of exposure to the contaminants in the building rubble. This is an example of what type of study?Randomized Controlled TrialCohort StudyEcological StudyCase-Control Study

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

The scenario describes following a group of people (clean-up workers, rescue crews, and staff) over time to observe whether health problems develop and whether those problems are associated with varying levels of exposure. This design characterizes a cohort study, where a defined group is followed prospectively to assess outcomes based on exposure status.
Option 1: Randomized Controlled Trial. This would require random assignment of participants to exposure or non-exposure groups, which is not possible or ethical for hazardous exposure in this context. Hence, not a randomized trial.
Option 2: Cohort Study. As explained, the key features are a defined group chosen based on exposure, followed over time to observe incident outcomes, making this the appropriate description.
Option 3: Ecological Study. This design analyzes data at the group (e.g., population or community) level rather than following individuals over time, so it does not fit the described individual-level follow-up.
Option 4: Case-Control Study. This design starts with people who have the outcome (cases) and compares their past exposures to controls without the outcome, rather than starting with exposure groups and following forward in time.
By contrast, the described practice of enrolling exposed and potentially exposed workers and observing them over time to see who develops health problems aligns with a cohort approach rather than the other options.

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