The Dunning-Kruger effect suggests that:

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The question asks about what the Dunning-Kruger effect suggests. Since the provided correct answer is labeled as option b, I will reason through that choice and also address why commonly proposed alternatives (if they were listed) would be less consistent with the core findings of the Dunning-Kruger literature.

Option a (hypothetical): If the statement claimed that scientific experts are likely to be overconfident in their own area of expertise, while non-experts are under-confident, this would partially misstate the key pattern of the Dunning-Kruger effect. The effect emphasizes that lower-ability individuals tend to overestimate their competence relative to objective performance, whereas higher-ability individuals tend to underestimate their relative competence in some contexts. Therefore, labeling experts as overconfident and non-experts as under-confident does not capture the classic miscalibration pattern observed among those with the least skill.

Option b (the provided correct): Scientific experts are likely to be under-confident in their conclusions in their area of expertise, while non-experts are likely to be overconfident. This aligns with the central idea that people with lower ability lack metacognitive awareness about their own limits and overestimate their performance, whereas those with greater expertise often recognize the complexity and limitations of their conclusions, which can lead to more cautious (under-confident) judgments about their own conclusions. In other words, the Dunning-Kruger effect describes illusory superiority among the incompetent and modest-to-lower confidence among the truly skilled in some domains, due to accuracy of self-assessment improving with competence.

Option c (hypothetical): If a statement claimed that scientific experts and non-experts would be equally likely to be under-confident, this would contradict the core finding that confidence calibration differs by skill level. The effect specifically highlights a mismatch in confidence that correlates with actual performance, not a uniform level of under-confidence across groups.

Option d (hypothetical): If the claim asserted that confidence levels are entirely independent of actual ability, this would ignore the empirical pattern demonstrated by Dunning and Kruger, where miscalibration is systematically related to skill. The effect demonstrates a non-linear relationship between ability and confidence, not a flat, unrelated association.

In summary, option b captures the essence of the Dunning-Kruger effect by describing a miscalibration pattern where low-ability individuals exhibit overconfidence and high-ability individuals (experts) often show more cautious or under-confident conclusions, which matches the reported correct answer in the provided data.

仪表板测验 1 - 第 1、2 和 3 周（第 4 周提供）

The Dunning-Kruger effect suggests that:

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仪表板 测验 1 - 第 1、2 和 3 周（第 4 周提供）

The Dunning-Kruger effect suggests that:

View Explanation

Log in for full answers

Similar Questions

A hiring manager relies heavily on the applicant’s first 30 seconds of conversation to judge competence. This is an example of:

The phrase “You just hear what you want to hear” best reflects which of the following concepts?

Complete this sentence: The Einstellung effect is…

What is a cognitive bias?

In our unit on theories of cognitive development, the false consensus effect was discussed as an example of?

___________________ is the principle that established views are hard to change.

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Making Your Study Simpler

仪表板测验 1 - 第 1、2 和 3 周（第 4 周提供）