________ refers to the leasing of hardware with preinstalled operating systems.

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The question asks us to fill in a term that refers to the leasing of hardware with preinstalled operating systems.
Option 1: Software as a service (SaaS) — This option describes software applications delivered over the internet, accessed via a client, without concern for underlying hardware or OS provisioning. It does not refer to leasing hardware or OS images, so it is not a fit for this description.
Option 2: IaaS cloud hosting — Infrastructure as a Service is closest to hardware provisioning, offering virtualized computing resources such as virtual machines, storage, and networking. In many models, customers manage the OS themselves, and the service focuses on providing the infrastructure rather than preinstalled OS on physical hardware. While it touches on hardware provisioning, it is not typically described as "leasing hardware with preinstalled operating systems" in the context of managed platforms, and this phrasing leans toward a platform-oriented service.
Option 3: Outsourcing licensed software — This refers to obtaining software via external vendors or partners under a licensing agreement, not to the leasing of hardware or OS preinstalls. It does not describe infrastructure or platform provisioning.
Option 4: Platform as a service (PaaS) — PaaS provides a hosted platform that includes the runtime environment, development tools, and often the underlying OS and middleware managed by the provider. Users deploy their applications without handling the underlying OS or hardware details; the platform is preconfigured to support app development and deployment. In some descriptions, PaaS abstracts away the lower layers, effectively offering a preinstalled and managed platform layer on top of the infrastructure.
In summary, while IaaS is commonly associated with provisioning hardware resources, the phrase in the question aligns with a service model that emphasizes a ready-to-use platform with the OS managed by the provider. Therefore, the option that best fits the description among the given choices is Platform as a service (PaaS).

BUS-308-03 Quiz 5: Information Systems Management & Project Management

________ refers to the leasing of hardware with preinstalled operating systems.

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