How does the formation of a bacterial colony support the principle of clonal reproduction in bacteria?

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Question restatement: How does the formation of a bacterial colony support the principle of clonal reproduction in bacteria?

Option a: 'Bacterial colonies consist of diverse cell types.' This is misleading because clonal colonies originate from a single progenitor and thus are genetically very similar, not inherently diverse in cell type. In many colonies, cells are similar in genotype; diversity would imply multiple lineages or mutations, which is not the defining feature of clonality.

Option b: 'Bacterial colonies result from the fusion of multiple cells.' Bacterial colonies do not form through cell fusion in the sense of merging distinct parental cells; rather, a single cell divides repeatedly to form a colony. Fusion would imply combining distinct genomes, which is not how standard bacterial colony growth occurs.

Option c: 'Bacterial colonies arise from a single cell, leading to genetically identical cells.' This statement aligns with the concept of clonal reproduction: starting from one ancestor, divisions produce offspring that are genetically identical (barring mutations), creating a colony that is a clone of the original cell.

Option d: 'Bacterial colonies undergo sexual reproduction.' Bacteria do not reproduce sexually in the way that eukaryotes do; their typical growth is asexual binary fission, producing clones. Sexual reproduction is not the mechanism behind standard bacterial colony formation.

Summary: The core idea of clonal reproduction is that a colony can originate from one cell and produce genetically identical progeny through asexual division. Among the options, option c correctly captures that concept by describing origin from a single cell and genetic identity of the resulting cells, while the other choices describe scenarios (diversity, fusion, or sexual processes) that do not define clonal colony formation.

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How does the formation of a bacterial colony support the principle of clonal reproduction in bacteria?

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