The Köppen climate classification is based on:

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The Köppen climate classification system is built around the combination of temperature and precipitation data as the primary basis for categorizing climates. 
First, it uses long-term averages of monthly temperatures to capture the thermal regime of a region, since different climates are characterized by distinct temperature patterns across the year (e.g., tropical, arid, temperate, continental, polar). 
Second, it incorporates precipitation patterns, including total annual rainfall and the distribution of rainfall across the months, to reflect how moisture availability interacts with temperature to shape climate zones (e.g., whether a region experiences monsoonal rains, dry seasons, or evenly distributed precipitation). 
Third, the thresholds and criteria within the system combine these two variables to define climate types such as tropical rainforest, desert, savanna, temperate marine, and continental climates. 
By focusing on temperatures and precipitation, the Köppen classification emphasizes climatic drivers most closely linked to living conditions and ecosystem patterns, rather than other factors like soil properties or vegetation alone. 
Since the provided answer indicates 'temperatures and precipitation' as the basis, note that the options were not supplied, so this explanation centers on why those two variables are deemed foundational in Köppen classification.

Geography CC 1 Sec ON1 (31167) Quiz #6: Units 13-14

The Köppen climate classification is based on:

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