“千寻铁锁沉江底，一片降幡出石头”一句中“石头”指：

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Question restatement: The line '千寻铁锁沉江底，一片降幡出石头' asks which place the word '石头' (stone) refers to. Answer options: 赤壁, 白帝城, 金陵, 西塞山.
Option 1: 赤壁. This refers to the famous Red Cliffs scene in the Yangtze region, but there is no conventional literary association between '石头' in this line and 赤壁. Therefore this option is unlikely.
Option 2: 白帝城. 白帝城 is a historic site linked to Li Bai and various poems, yet the imagery here does not point to that locale; the line does not embed the typical landmarks or allusions tied to 白帝城. This makes it an inappropriate match.
Option 3: 金陵. 金陵 is the classical Chinese name for the city of Nanjing and its surrounding area. In many Chinese poems, 金陵 is used as a stand-in for this region, and the phrase '石头' in this line can be interpreted in light of classic toponymic usage where a stone or beacon may symbolize a landmark associated with 金陵. Since the provided answer indicates 金陵, this option aligns with the historical toponym practice and the common literary device of referencing a place by a stone or banner metaphor connected to that city.
Option 4: 西塞山. 西塞山 refers to a scenic or geographic feature in various classical contexts, but there is no established link in this line between '石头' and 西塞山. This makes it an unlikely interpretation.
Summary of incorrect options: Both 赤壁 and 白帝城 are well-known sites but lack a direct literary cue in this line tying '石头' to those places. 西塞山, while a geographic feature, does not fit the implied toponymic signal present in the text. 
Rationale for the correct option: 金陵 serves as the traditional, literaryly resonant location corresponding to the stone/landmark imagery in this line, reflecting how classical poetry often anchors symbolism to a well-known ancient name for a place. The sequence of imagery—iron locks sinking, banners emerging—supports a regional reference rather than a literal description of a specific fortress or mountain, making 金陵 the most coherent choice.

CHIN_V 471 013 2025W1 Session 10 Self-Study

“千寻铁锁沉江底，一片降幡出石头”一句中“石头”指：

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