Which of the following best describes a closed circulatory system?

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

The question asks to identify which description best fits a closed circulatory system. We will evaluate each option in turn, outlining why it aligns or conflicts with the defining features of a closed circulatory system.

Option a: 'A circulatory system where blood is not confined to vessels and bathes the tissues directly.' This describes an open circulatory system, where hemolymph circulates freely in body cavities and is not restricted to vessels. In a closed system, blood remains within vessels, so this statement is incorrect for a closed system concept.

Option b: 'A circulatory system where blood is confined to vessels and flows under constant high pressure.' This matches key characteristics of a closed circulatory system: blood is contained within vessels (arteries, veins, capillaries) and movement is regulated by a heart, often sustaining higher, more controlled pressures compared to open systems. The phrase 'constant high pressure' is a bit general, but it aligns with the idea that pressure is maintained within vessels rather than bathing tissues openly, making this a plausible description.

Option c: 'A circulatory system where blood is pumped by a centralized heart and confined to vessels.' This also captures core features: blood is pumped by a heart (often centralized) and remains within a network of vessels, which are the hallmarks of a closed circulatory system. The wording emphasizes central pumping and confinement to vessels, aligning well with the standard definition.

Option d: 'A circulatory system where blood is pumped by multiple hearts and flows through a series of chambers.' While some organisms do have multiple hearts or chambered hearts, the defining trait for a closed circulatory system is the confinement of blood to vessels and a heart-driven pump, not the number of hearts or specific chamber arrangements. This description could apply to certain vertebrates or invertebrates with complex heart structures but is not the universal descriptor of a closed system. Therefore, it is not the best general description.

To summarize the reasoning for each option, we assessed how well each aligns with the hallmark of closed circulatory systems: blood confined to vessels and pumped by a heart. Options a and d introduce elements that deviate from the core definition (bathes tissues directly; multiple hearts with chambers). Options b and c both align with the central idea of blood confined to vessels and propelled by a heart, though option c emphasizes the centralized pumping and confinement more succinctly. This step-by-step evaluation highlights why the closed circulatory system is best described by options that stress confinement to vessels and heart-driven circulation, while clarifying the inaccuracies present in the other choices.

Which of the following best describes a closed circulatory system?

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