In the video lecture, you learned about a study in which parents and toddlers were observed as they cleaned up or parents needed children's help to solve a task. Parent's requests for help were recorded and it was found that

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In this question, we’re evaluating what the study found about how parents requested help from children at different ages.
Option 1: 'parents did not ask for help from their children.' This is unlikely given the setup of a study about parent–child interactions during cleanup or task solving; the whole point is to observe requests for help, so claiming no requests were made would contradict the context.
Option 2: 'parents made more concrete requests of 18-month-old children, and made both abstract and concrete requests of 24-month-old children.' This aligns with developmental expectations: younger toddlers (18 months) typically respond to more tangible, concrete prompts because their language and cognitive development support fewer abstract demands; older toddlers (24 months) can handle both concrete and abstract requests as their symbol understanding and verbal skills improve.
Option 3: 'there were no differences in how parents requested help from younger and older children.' This statement contradicts common findings in developmental psychology, which show that parental scaffolding and the type of requests parents use often change with child age and verbal ability.
Option 4: 'parents used nonverbal cues to ask for help of younger children and verbal cues to request help from older children.' While some nonverbal cues may appear, the study’s key finding emphasizes the shift between concrete and abstract verbal requests by age, not a primary distinction solely by cue type (nonverbal vs verbal). Therefore this option misstates the central pattern described in the results.

Overall, option 2 best captures the reported pattern: younger children receive more concrete requests, while older toddlers receive a mix of abstract and concrete requests, reflecting developmental progression in language and cognitive demands.

PSC 140V 001 SS1 2025 Mini Quiz: Prosocial Development

In the video lecture, you learned about a study in which parents and toddlers were observed as they cleaned up or parents needed children's help to solve a task. Parent's requests for help were recorded and it was found that

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