Flow of ______ directly through ATPase subunits causes their rotation, in turn directly leading to ATP synthesis.

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Question restatement: Flow of ______ directly through ATPase subunits causes their rotation, in turn directly leading to ATP synthesis.

Option 1: electrons. While electrons travel through the electron transport chain to establish a proton gradient, they do not flow through the ATPase itself to cause its rotation. The rotor turns due to proton flow, not electron flow, so this is incorrect.

Option 2: O2. Oxygen serves as the terminal electron acceptor in the ETC, enabling the proton motive force to be generated, but it does not pass through the ATP synthase to induce rotation. Therefore this is not the direct mechanism.

Option 3: CO2. Carbon dioxide is not involved in the direct mechanism of ATP synthase rotation; it is a carbon source in photosynthesis and respiration pathways but not a mechanical driver of the enzyme's rotation. This makes it incorrect.

Option 4: protons. Correct mechanism: protons flow through the Fo portion of ATP synthase down their gradient, driving the rotation of the rotor and triggering conformational changes in the F1 catalytic subunits to synthesize ATP from ADP and Pi. This direct proton translocation is the key motor action of ATP synthase.

Option 5: FADH2. FADH2 is an electron carrier that donates electrons to the electron transport chain, contributing to the proton gradient, but it does not itself flow through the ATP synthase to rotate it. This makes it incorrect.

Option 6: NADH. Like FADH2, NADH donates electrons to the ETC and helps establish the proton motive force, yet it does not pass through the ATP synthase. Therefore this choice is incorrect.

In summary, only protons flow through the ATPase subunits to drive rotation and ATP synthesis; all other options refer to electrons or electron carriers that participate upstream in establishing the gradient but do not directly cause the motor rotation inside ATP synthase.

BIOL3612.MERGED.202610 Activity Questions 5B: Electron Transport and ATP synthesis

Flow of ______ directly through ATPase subunits causes their rotation, in turn directly leading to ATP synthesis.

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