The most established cause of lung cancer is:

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

Kicking off with a careful look at what each option claims helps build the reasoning step by step.
Option a: 'A high intake of fruit and vegetables' would be associated with reduced cancer risk in many studies, not as the most established cause of lung cancer. While good nutrition supports overall health, it is not identified as the primary or most established cause of lung cancer.
Option b: 'Moderate levels of exercise' is generally linked to better prognosis or lower risk for some diseases, but it is not recognized as a primary cause of lung cancer. Exercise is typically considered a protective or mitigating factor rather than a causative factor for this cancer type.
Option c: 'A low intake of fat' has little to do with the core etiological factors of lung cancer. Fat intake is not established as a causal driver of lung cancer, unlike tobacco exposure, which has a much stronger, well-documented link to the disease.
Option d: 'Cigarette smoking' is widely documented as the leading cause of lung cancer, with extensive epidemiological and mechanistic evidence showing that carcinogens in tobacco smoke significantly increase risk. This is the factor most consistently associated with both incidence and mortality from lung cancer across populations.
In summary, while options a, b, and c describe factors that relate to health in various ways or reflect protective associations, they do not have the same level of causal and causal-strength evidence for lung cancer as option d does. The strongest, most established etiological factor among the choices is the exposure to tobacco smoke from cigarette smoking, which aligns with decades of clinical and public health research.

The most established cause of lung cancer is:

View Explanation

Log in for full answers

Similar Questions

Which of the following is not one of the three main reasons for developing a second malignancy?

Which of the following is a factor increasing cancer risk?

True or False: Although cancer is considered a non-communicable disease, risk factors for cancers include communicable diseases.

Which of the most common risk factor for cancer across all cancer types?

In a consumer society, many adults channel creativity into buying things

Economic stress and unpredictable times have resulted in a booming industry for self-help products

People born without creativity never can develop it

A product has a selling price of $20, a contribution margin ratio of 40% and fixed cost of $120,000. To make a profit of $30,000. The number of units that must be sold is: Type the number without $ and a comma. Eg: 20000

More Practical Tools for International Students

Homework AI Solver

Stylized Writing Assistant

Plagiarism Checker Assistant

Citation Assistant

In-Class Translation Assistant

Class Notes Assistant

Quiz Search Assistant

Past Exam Questions by School

Smart Practice Assistant

Adaptive Practice

Making Your Study Simpler