You trip over a fallen branch and sprain your ankle. According to research on the bystander effect, a stranger who sees your plight will be most likely to offer aid if there are________ others present.

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BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

Context: The question asks about the bystander effect and when a stranger who observes your plights is most likely to offer aid.
Option 1: 'no' — If there are no others present, you are alone, so there is no diffusion of responsibility and no pluralistic ignorance to defer the decision to help. This makes helping most probable.
Option 2: 'two' — With two bystanders, responsibility is shared between the observer and the other person, which can reduce each individual’s sense of obligation to intervene, decreasing the chance of offering aid compared to being alone.
Option 3: 'four' — As the number of bystanders increases, the diffusion of responsibility becomes stronger. Each person feels less personally responsible, making aid less likely than in a smaller group or when alone.
Option 4: 'ten' — A larger crowd intensifies diffusion of responsibility and uncertainty about whether help is needed (pluralistic ignorance). The odds of someone stepping in drop further, compared to fewer bystanders or being alone.
In sum, the bystander effect predicts the highest likelihood of assisting behavior occurs when there are no other bystanders present, whereas any presence of others generally reduces the probability of helping due to diffusion of responsibility and social cues. Therefore, the option with the smallest number of bystanders (no others present) aligns with the classic finding that aid is most likely when one is alone.

You trip over a fallen branch and sprain your ankle. According to research on the bystander effect, a stranger who sees your plight will be most likely to offer aid if there are________ others present.

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