During adolescence, the brain changes in that:

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When examining the question about adolescent brain changes, we should assess what neuroscientific research shows about gray and white matter during this developmental period.
Option 1: 'the amount of gray matter increases and then decreases' — This aligns with the common finding of synaptic pruning during adolescence, where transient increases in synaptic connections are followed by pruning, leading to a reduction in gray matter in many regions as efficiency improves.
Option 2: 'it significantly increases in size' — This is not generally supported across the cortex and subcortical structures; while certain developmental processes occur, the overall brain size does not undergo a large, uniform increase during adolescence, and this phrasing overstates structural growth.
Option 3: 'myelination occurs at equal pace in all areas of the brain' — In reality, myelination proceeds at different rates across regions and even within networks; some tracts myelinate earlier (e.g., motor and sensory pathways) while others mature later (e.g., prefrontal circuits), so equal pace is incorrect.
Option 4: 'the amount of white matter decreases' — On the contrary, white matter volume tends to increase through adolescence as myelination progresses, not decrease, making this option incorrect.

PSYC-312-02 Midterm 4

During adolescence, the brain changes in that:

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