6. You need to create a search statement to find peer-reviewed studies about bias in AI tools used by universities, including variants like bias, biased, or biases. Which search statement is the best?

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Question restatement: You need to craft a search statement to locate peer-reviewed studies about bias in AI tools used by universities, including variants like bias, biased, or biases. Which search statement is best?

Option A: A. bias* AND AI AND (university OR college)
- This option uses a truncation with bias*, capturing bias, biased, biases, etc. It anchors the topic to AI and to higher education institutions by including (university OR college). The combination is coherent for retrieving peer-reviewed studies on bias in AI tools used by universities, and the use of AND/OR correctly structures the Boolean logic to encompass synonyms while limiting results to relevant domains. Overall, it aligns with standard search strategies for concept, technology, and setting.

Option B: B. "bias in AI" AND university*
- This phrase requires the exact sequence bias in AI, which may miss articles that use bias with different phrasing (e.g., bias in AI tools, biases in AI systems, biased AI). The truncation on university* could help capture university or universities, but the phrase-quote restriction reduces flexibility and may exclude relevant results that phrase the concept differently or separate terms.

Option C: C. (bias* OR "AI tools") AND peer-reviewed
- This option broadens to include AI tools as a phrase, but the inclusion of bias* is acceptable; however, grouping with OR between bias* and "AI tools" expands the set in a way that may pull in articles not specifically about bias in AI within university contexts. Also, relying on peer-reviewed as a filter may miss articles indexed differently (e.g., journals without that tag or databases with separate filters). It lacks the explicit university/college setting focus.

Option D: D. (bias* AND "AI tools") AND (universit* OR "higher education")
- This option correctly uses bias* and AI tools, and restricts to higher education contexts with universiti* or higher education. However, it uses AND between bias* and "AI tools" which is fine, but the syntax may be less conventional for certain databases compared to including AI as a separate term with a clearer connector. It could still work, but may miss results that refer to AI more generally without the exact phrase "AI tools".

Why Option A tends to be the strongest: It uses a broad yet precise combination: a truncation on bias* to cover multiple forms, a clear AI keyword, and a group (university OR college) to capture common higher-education terms. The structure maintains focus on the topic (bias in AI) and the setting (universities) without over-specifying wording, reducing the risk of missing relevant studies.

Why the other options may be weaker:
- B may miss articles that do not use the exact phrase "bias in AI" or that use alternative phrasing, and the singular focus on university* may exclude college-specific language or other higher-education terms.
- C uses an OR between bias* and "AI tools" which broadens the scope to include articles that mention AI tools but not bias, potentially returning many irrelevant results; and it omits explicit university/college or higher-education scope, risking articles about bias in AI outside universities.
- D is closer to A in intent but selects a different structural approach that might be database-dependent; the requirement of (universit* OR "higher education") is good, yet the specific coupling of (bias* AND "AI tools") could under-filter in some databases that index AI more broadly as AI rather than AI tools. It also risks missing studies that discuss AI in education using synonyms beyond the exact term "AI tools".

Summary: Among the options, A best captures the target topic (bias*) with a flexible AI term and a clear higher-education context using standard Boolean logic, balancing sensitivity and precision for peer-reviewed studies in universities.

6. You need to create a search statement to find peer-reviewed studies about bias in AI tools used by universities, including variants like bias, biased, or biases. Which search statement is the best?

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