Question at position 14 In hominins, bipedalism evolved as an adaptation to increased brain size.TrueFalse

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Question at position 14: In hominins, bipedalism evolved as an adaptation to increased brain size. True/False
Option 1: True. This statement asserts that bipedalism arose specifically as a response to larger brain size. In the fossil record and across paleoanthropological study, the timeline shows that bipedalism appeared well before the substantial expansion of brain size in our lineage. Early bipeds like Australopithecines already exhibit habitual bipedal walking while retaining relatively small brains compared to later Homo species. Therefore, attributing the evolution of bipedalism directly to increased brain size is inconsistent with the sequence of adaptive changes observed in hominin evolution.
Option 2: False. This option aligns with the evidence that bipedalism evolved primarily for other functional reasons—such as improved energy efficiency for long-distance locomotion, the ability to travel across open environments, and freeing the hands for foraging, carrying, or later tool use. While brain enlargement is a major feature of human evolution, its substantial increase occurred after the emergence of habitual bipedalism in earlier hominins, indicating that bipedalism was not an adaptation to increased brain size. The fact that early bipeds had small brains supports this interpretation, making the causal link to brain size inappropriate.
Option 1 (True) summary notes: the claim misplaces the temporal order of evolutionary changes and overemphasizes brain size as the trigger for walking upright. It also ignores the functional advantages of bipedal locomotion that are well-supported by fossil morphology and ecological context.
Option 2 (False) summary notes: this captures the correct sequence and reasoning, reflecting that bipedalism likely evolved for locomotor efficiency and ecological reasons prior to substantial brain expansion, with brain growth occurring later in the human lineage.
In summary, the statement asserts a causative link that is not supported by the fossil and comparative evidence; the more accurate view is that bipedalism evolved for locomotor and environmental reasons, independently of brain size increases.

Question at position 14 In hominins, bipedalism evolved as an adaptation to increased brain size.TrueFalse

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