The biological species concept defines species as a population or group of populations that are able to ______.

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The question asks about the biological species concept and how it defines a species. 
Option A: 'recognize one another as potential mates' is not the defining criterion of the biological species concept. Mate recognition can occur without the ability to produce viable offspring, and some populations may recognize mates but still fail to produce viable or fertile offspring due to incompatibilities. This makes the option incomplete as a species-defining criterion.
Option B: 'All of these are correct.' This would only be true if every listed statement accurately described the concept. Since we need to assess each statement on its own, we must evaluate the other options for correctness before accepting a blanket 'All of these' claim, and we will see that not all are correct.
Option C: 'produce viable offspring' directly captures the core idea of the biological species concept: a species is defined as a population or group of populations whose members have the potential to interbreed and produce viable (and typically fertile) offspring. This criterion emphasizes reproductive isolation and genetic continuity, which is central to the concept.
Option D: 'physically copulate' describes a mechanical or behavioral act but does not address whether offspring can be produced. Two individuals might copulate without producing offspring due to genetic incompatibilities or pre/postzygotic barriers, so this option fails to define a species under the biological concept.
In summary, option C aligns with the fundamental definition by focusing on the ability to interbreed and produce viable offspring, which is the essence of reproductive compatibility in the biological species concept. The other options either overstate or misstate the necessary criterion, failing to capture the key idea of reproductive success and viability of offspring.

APBIO142-030 with labs 24.01 to 24.02 - Video Quiz

The biological species concept defines species as a population or group of populations that are able to ______.

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