Most of the Hydrogen in the Universe was created in

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

To approach this question, I’ll evaluate what each option implies about the origin of most hydrogen in the Universe and compare it to established cosmological knowledge.
Option a: Stars of mass < 1 solar mass. While stars do fuse hydrogen into helium and heavier elements, the hydrogen present in the Universe today predominantly did not originate from stellar nucleosynthesis. The bulk of hydrogen was formed earlier, and in significantly greater quantities, than what is produced by ordinary stellar processes over the lifetime of stars. This option misattributes the main source of primordial hydrogen to small stars, which is not supported by cosmological nucleosynthesis statistics.
Option b: Supernovae. Supernovae do synthesize new elements and release them into the interstellar medium, but they are not the primary source of the Universe’s hydrogen. They primarily contribute heavier elements and isotopes, and their hydrogen production is negligible relative to the primordial abundance created in the early Universe. Therefore this choice is not the correct explanation for the majority of hydrogen.
Option c: White dwarfs. White dwarfs are the end products of low- to intermediate-mass stars and do not generate significant new hydrogen. They release nothing comparable to the primordial hydrogen inventory, and they do not create large amounts of hydrogen as part of their lifecycle. This makes this option incorrect as a description of the main source of hydrogen.
Option d: The Big Bang. This option aligns with the standard model of cosmology: during Big Bang nucleosynthesis, light elements, including most of the Universe’s hydrogen (and a small fraction of helium and trace amounts of lithium), were formed in the first few minutes after the Big Bang. The vast majority of hydrogen is primordial, not produced later by stars, supernovae, or white dwarfs. This makes it the correct explanation for the question.
Option e: Stars of mass > 6 solar masses. Massive stars do synthesize and release elements heavier than hydrogen, but like smaller stars, they do not account for the majority of the Universe’s hydrogen. The hydrogen abundance is overwhelmingly from the early Universe, not from the later production in massive stars.
In summary, reasoning through each option shows that the primordial origin of most hydrogen is tied to the conditions of the early Universe, i.e., the Big Bang, rather than stellar or explosive processes that occur later in cosmic history.

ASTR 350 ONL FA25: Big Bang,Black Holes,Universe (Liu, X)

Most of the Hydrogen in the Universe was created in

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