_______________ blocking agents produce bradycardia.

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BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

The question asks which blocking agents produce bradycardia. 
Option 1: None of these. This would be incorrect if at least one category is known to cause bradycardia; thus it overlooks the established effect of beta-blockers on heart rate. 
Option 2: α-adrenergic. Alpha-adrenergic blockers primarily cause vasodilation and can lead to reflex tachycardia, not bradycardia, so this is an unlikely cause of slow heart rate. 
Option 3: β-adrenergic. Beta-blockers reduce heart rate by inhibiting the β1 receptors in the sinoatrial node, decreasing chronotropy; this directly explains bradycardia. 
Option 4: α- and β-adrenergic. While combined blockade could have complex vascular and cardiac effects, the direct and most common mechanism producing bradycardia is β-adrenergic blockade alone; adding α-blockade does not negate the primary bradycardic effect and is not the standard explanation for bradycardia in isolation. 
Thus, the reasoning points most clearly to the β-adrenergic blocking agents as the cause of bradycardia.

_______________ blocking agents produce bradycardia.

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