Shiffrin and Schneider (1977) found that automaticity was acquired when:

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To understand the question, recall what Shiffrin and Schneider (1977) demonstrated about automaticity in controlled versus automatic processing.
Option 1: There was a consistent mapping between target and distractor categories. This is the classic condition under which automatic processing emerges, because consistent mappings allow the brain to form direct, fast stimulus–response associations that operate with little conscious effort.
Option 2: There was a varied mapping between target and distractor categories. A varied mapping disrupts stable stimulus–response links, making automaticity harder to achieve because the same stimulus can map to different responses depending on context, so processing remains more controlled and attention-demanding.
Option 3: People practised the same task for a long time. While practice can facilitate automation, Shiffrin and Schneider showed that consistency of mapping, not simply duration of practice, is the key factor for automatic processing to develop. Merely repeating a task without stable mappings does not guarantee automaticity.
Option 4: There were rewards for correct detections and punishments for incorrect detections. Although reinforcement can influence behavior, the Shiffrin and Schneider study emphasizes the structural condition of mapping (consistent vs varied) rather than reward contingencies as the determinant of automaticity, so this option misattributes the crucial factor.

PSYC20007_2025_SM2 Week 7: Attention: Attention in Space and Time

Shiffrin and Schneider (1977) found that automaticity was acquired when:

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